Wednesday, December 25, 2019

Why Do Crimes Occur As Well As What Makes Offenders Commit...

There are several theory’s that have been developed to answer the question of why do crimes occur as well as what makes offenders commit crimes (Lilly, Cullen and Ball, 2011). One of the first theories developed was Classical School theory. Classical theory focuses on the offender as a whole and how he or she wants to commit the crime due to free will (Lilly, Cullen, and Ball, 2011). While reading through an article written in The New York Times, there was a crime that was discussed that has become an important topic in the media. The title of this article is â€Å"Prosecutors to Seek Death Penalty for Dylann Roof in Charleston Shootings†, written by; Chris Dixon. The article was interesting considering it showed the classical theory is still in effect in today’s era. The article’s topic discussed about an offender named Dylann Roof. Roof walked into a church located in Charleston, South Carolina (Dixon, 2015). Dylann Roof sat in a bible study for an hour before he discharged his weapon, killing nine innocent people that ranged in ages, from 26-87 years old (Dixon, 2015). Roof being the age of 21 when the incident occurred, had time to change his judgment, and walk back out of the church with no violence. Classical theory states that free will is what makes law abiding citizens change to violent offenders, and this is what occurred in the Charleston murder case. There was a time while roof was observing the bible study to change his intent and walk out of that church on thatShow MoreRelatedThe Classical School Of Criminology996 Words   |  4 Pagescenturies scientists and researchers have been trying to figure out what makes people commit crimes and what they can do to deter them from committing future crimes. In the 1800’s and th e early 1900’s crimes and the severity of crimes increased. Punishment in this day and time was considered to be cruel and excessive; to make you feel pain for the crime you committed was the ultimate point (Freilich, 2015). If you committed a crime you could be beaten, hanged, tortured or if you stole something, youRead MoreRational Choice Theory Vs Routine Activity Theory1299 Words   |  6 Pagesexamine why a person would commit a crime in the first place. In this paper, I will explain that these two theories are as well as compare and contrast the two theories. Routine Activity Theory was developed by Marcus Felson and Lawrence E. Cohen. Routine activity theory helps identify criminal activity and behavior through explanation in crime rate. (Cohen Felson,1979). Cohen and Felson said that the number of possible offenders or offender motivation does not actually affect the crime rate. RoutineRead MoreTheories and Burglary1584 Words   |  7 Pages1970’s meant to explain crime and victimization. The routine activities theory is based off of the assumption made in previous theories such as deterrence and rational choice theory, which offenders rationally think out criminal behaviors before they engage in them. This assumption includes the theory that offenders calculate risks and consequences before committing a crime. The routine activities theory suggests that there are three elements that contribute to whether a crime will be committed or notRead MoreRoutine Activities Theory : The Classical School Of Criminological Theory1354 Words   |  6 PagesRoutine activities theory or RAT was originally proposed by the classical school of criminological theory. Classical school theorists believe that humans are rational individuals who make decisions based on their own free will. In short, humans oftentimes make decisions after taking into consideration the risk versus reward associated with the behavior. Essentially, routine activities theory draws from Amos Hawley’s (1950) theory of human ecology. This theory explores the terrestrial aspects of humanRead MoreCorrections and the Criminal Justice System1166 Words   |  5 Pagesdescribes the punishment of offenders for the crimes they have committed. Corrections does not always mean punishment; in the United States they expect their inmates to read the bible to reflect on their wrongdoings. In the criminal justice system there are three major components: police, courts, and corrections. The police investigate crimes and arrest suspects handing over the evidenc e and investigative information to the court system. Prosecutors determine whether a crime has been committed and ifRead MoreRunning Head:. Response Paper 1 Response Paper 3. Advanced1277 Words   |  6 PagesArizona State University Response Paper Crime in the 20th century has become one of the most widely studied areas of research. Today, I am going to briefly outline some of the theories of crime that are used to study the subject. What I will be evaluating these theories against will be small scale property crime such as theft. Classical theory states that crime is committed when there are more benefits to committing the crime than punishments. It also states that crime is a choice and is done with freeRead MoreThe Theory Of Crime And Crime1260 Words   |  6 PagesResponse Paper Crime in the 20th century has become one of the most widely studied areas of research. Today, I am going too briefly outline some of the theories of crime that are used to study the subject. What I will be evaluating these theories against will be small scale property crime such as theft. Classical theory states that crime is committed when there are more benefits to committing the crime than punishments. It also states that crime is a choice and is done with free will (BeccariaRead MoreYouth Criminal Justice Act Essay1257 Words   |  6 Pagesmajority of juveniles are involved in impulsive or risky, even delinquent behaviors during their teenage years. However, the majority go on to become very productive citizens who do not commit crimes. In order for this to continue the government established the Youth Criminal Justice Act (YCJA) which gives young offenders a chance to better themselves, and. By doing so, the YCJA helps teach youth that their actions are unacceptable and the punishments imposed are lesser then an adult. Through theRead MoreWhy People Commit Crime? Essay1621 Words   |  7 Pages The term criminal desistance refers to when offenders desist, or stop, committing crime. Desistance from crime exists when an individual has an absence of criminal be havior in their lives for a sustained period of time. By studying desistance, there is a better understanding of what causes individuals to commit crime; as well as, a better understanding as to why certain individuals discontinue their lives of crime. The criminal justice field often encompasses, serving justice by locking peopleRead MoreThe Deterrence Theory By Thomas Hobbes1347 Words   |  6 PagesDeterrence Theory then came into play when it was time for a person to take up for their actions that person has caused and, being able to pay the price at hand for what they have done without being able to put the blame on another person or get away with it without being sure that you would also get the proper punishment. The reason why this theory has more than one theorist is due to â€Å" once one looks in detail at cases of international conflict, it becomes apparent that the participants almost never

Tuesday, December 17, 2019

Training for Parents of Children with Disabilities

Parents play a significant role in the lives of all children but more specifically, of those children with disabilities. The participation of the parents and the degree of acceptance of the presence of a disability, determines most of the outcomes when the child is ready for an independent life. The law requires that school districts offer support to parents of children with disabilities. By offering In Home Training, school districts’ staff provides specific skill training to parents in need of other alternatives to manage and cope with the effects of their child’s disability. However, training is not the solution for this, as active parental involvement is. Parents that take a stand accept their reality and are ready to do something about it, are more likely to be successful by learning strategies that will help the child generalize behaviors that are more socially appropriate. Parental involvement is the most important part of the equation. Legislation is clear to mandate the involvement of school and home as a partnership that will benefit not only the child, but everyone involved in the household and school. Dettmer, Thurston, Knackendoffel and Dyck (2009) cite the Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975 as one of the legal pieces that â€Å"prescribe several rights for families of children with disabilities.† Many other legal pieces address parental participation in the decision making process and all services provided to children. According to No ChildShow MoreRelatedEducating Children With A Disability1234 Words   |  5 Pages Children come to this world without the parents knowing what the child may be born with but as a family we give love and care for all of our children. â€Å"Special disability â€Å"shouldn’t be a category to children who were born with a disability they were born into this w orld they are no different from you and I. Some parents believe that when their children graduate high school life is over for their amazing children .These parents are blocking or either ignorant to look for opportunitiesRead MoreSpecial Needs Children Essay1317 Words   |  6 Pages2017Benefits of parental training for guardians or care providers expecting a special needs child.When having a child most people become overwhelmed with happiness and joy, but with that come the stress of raising that child. Preparation is an important process whether you are biologically giving birth or adopting. With all the stress that comes along with having a child without a disability, what happen a special needs child is born. Depending on the type of disability said person has and whereRead MoreThe Importance Of A Special Needs Student849 Words   |  4 Pagesdealing with children who have special needs. This teacher was trained to understand the method used when working with a child who wil l unintentionally cause harm to themselves or others. A parent needs to understand that unconventional methods must be used with children who learn unconventionally. This research will show readers that each student needs their own educational methods, which work around any special needs they may have. Schools have developed parent training that will help parents understandRead MoreEffective Methods For Accommodating Students With Disabilities Essay1479 Words   |  6 PagesResearch Question: What are effective methods for accommodating students’ with disabilities in inclusive settings in elementary schools? Preface The right to equal education should be in reach of all students’ regardless of their educational needs and backgrounds. The barriers that students’ with disabilities face are evident in today’s public school education. We as educators sometimes ignore the capabilities of some of our disabled students’ and impede them from achieving their fullest potentialRead MoreEducating Students With Children With Disabilities969 Words   |  4 Pagesregular classroom teachers being expected to work with children with disabilities such as dyslexia, physically challenged, hyperactive or emotionally troubled. Another definition of mainstreaming is placing special-needs children in the â€Å"least restrictive environment†. The idea of mainstreaming is to help the students with disabilities feel more connected to other students, but in reality it can challenge the teachers that does not have the training and support to help benefit the students needs (SacksRead More Inclusion Has Been A Major Topic Between Educators And1576 Words   |  7 PagesInclusion has been a major topic between educators and parents of special needs children for years. Many believe that it would a good idea to educate general education children in the same classroom along with special needs children, including those with multiple disabilities. And then there are many that believe special education and general education can actually can be accomplished in one classroom along with one general education teacher and one special education teacher working together , teachingRead MoreThe Role Of Special Education For Children With Special Needs1289 Words   |  6 Pagesand interests is essential in teaching those with disabilities. It is true that disabilities intersect with learning. For example, a disability may interfere with family or peer relationships and school performance if a student displays troublesome behaviors. Children with disabilities may sometimes be seen as â€Å"different† by other children. This may lead to being excluded from peer relationships and experiences of social isolation. However, children with special needs may experience good mental healthRead MoreThe Medical Model : Where Disability Is Viewed As An Impairment952 Words   |  4 Pagesthe medical model, where disability is viewed as an impairment to be cured or prevented. This view may significantly inform the kind of service and treatment doctors provide or recommend for these individuals. In fact, researchers and doctors themselves have voiced concerns that medical practitioners do not undergo sufficient training to address disability and sexuality (Barbuto Napolitano, 2014; Gilmore Malcolm, 2014). Doctors need to be well informed about the issues in this area and supportiveRead MoreAnnotated Table Of Contents : Forward And Preamble1331 Words   |  6 Pagespolicies to which the local educational agencies and schools located in the State are subject under the federal statute and regulations. Also under federal regulations and policies is the IDEA ‘04, which is a school system that helps enable children with disabilities. These regulations became effective by the Board of Education on July 7, 2009 and were reissued January 25, 2010. The regulations include: federal regulations, state statue, and state regulations. There are copies of these regulationsRead MoreThe Target Student With Ebd And Ld889 Words   |  4 Pagessupporting students with disabilities to be independent learners and be prepared for life outside the school. â€Æ' Results This interview of four teachers and parents showed surprisingly positive feedback about inclusion. Both parents of children with disabilities and non-disabilities had positive attitudes toward inclusion. Parents with non-disabled children said that their children became more educated about other disabilities, more empathetic toward students with disabilities, and also improved

Monday, December 9, 2019

Importance Of Valid Consent In Healthcare †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Importance Of Valid Consent In Healthcare. Answer: In healthcare, valid consent is an essential component where the healthcare provider discloses information to a patient who is competent enough to make voluntary choice in accepting or refusing treatment. It is the legal and ethical rights of a patient to know and direct what happens to their body However, there are various forms of barrier that is witnessed in getting a valid consent from the patient. In the given case study, Lalah Khalili, a 14-year-old girl is suspected with post-traumatic stress disorder and to give her a mild sedative, conduct and ECG and take a blood test, a valid informed consent is required. However, she is a minor and lack judgment power to make able decisions for her. In such cases, her parents have to provide a valid consent, but they have limited English ability. Therefore, the following essay deals with the discussion of importance of valid consent, barriers for the valid consent and solutions for getting the valid consent. A person who has the capacity to make effective decisions about a specific issue gives valid consent and free from any influence or manipulation that might alter the decisions made as stated by Queensland Health, Australia (Queensland Health, 2013). When a transparent decision is made between the patient and healthcare professional, it offers balance and sensitivity to the situation. Information must be given to the patient or any reasonable person who can make reasonable valid consent in the patients position. Impaired informed consent leads to 11.5% of conciliated complaints and 3.4% of medical negligence in the valid consent process (Grady, 2015). Moreover, a person who is minor (below 18 years of age) is considered minor and requires parents or a legal guardian to provide valid consent on behalf of the childs treatment. However, under the Australian Law, teenagers are recognized as competent to provide informed consent for themselves, as they get older. Parents and their minor ch ildren hold concurrent rights in providing consent for treatment for minor patients below the age of 18 years. There is various type of consent like implied, verbal and written form. In the given case study, although Lalah Khalili has the ability to make decisions for herself, it should be taken under the vigilance of her parents. In healthcare, nurses have the responsibility to work within the law that shape their nursing practice. Under Registered Nurse Standards for Practice in Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia (NMBA), valid consent is an ethical and legal obligation. Failure to obtain a valid consent is considered a criminal offence and tort of law (Cashin et al., 2017). They have the obligation to work under ethical frameworks when they make efficient decisions during assessment, planning, action and evaluation. In the given case study, before the administration of mild sedative, conduction of ECG and blood test, a valid informed consent is important to obtain. However, there are barriers witnessed in this situation that will be discussed in the next section. A nurse should take care of the fact that the patient is providing her consent to the treatment procedures voluntarily and without any coercion feelings. She should be able to understand the intervention elements and make a necessary choice for receiving the intervention. However, one major issue that occurs in obtaining valid consent of minors in health intervention is the disruption of balance between the vulnerability and immaturity of the minor and the right to get emancipated from parents decisions. The physicians and nurses are not supposed to assume that a patient lacks the capacity of providing consent based on her behavior, age, appearance, disability, beliefs, literacy or socioeconomic status, or mental health condition (such as post traumatic stress disorder). Age influences, language barriers and mental stigma can hinder effective communication between the nurse and the patient while obtaining consent. The nurses should take care of the fact that valid consent will have t o be provided to the patient, Lalah Khalili in a language that she and her parents can comprehend and understand. It is known that she and her brother are good English speakers. If the consent is provided to her in English language, the quality of interpretation of the consent will be correct. However, if there is the use of a language not known to her, it can lead to misunderstandings and incorrect responses. Furthermore, her parents should also be involved in the process of providing consent owing to her young age. If her parents are non-English speaking, poor translations from the staff can lead to dangerous misinterpretations and misdiagnosis (Lee et al., 2017). This will lead to decline in patient care quality and satisfaction. Another barrier is the age of the patient. Australian laws related to medical treatment recognize that patients aged 18 years or more have the legal capacity to make decisions related to self healthcare (Bismark et al., 2012). Prior to 18 years of age, t he legal guardian or parents are entitled to provide consent to the medical treatment of their child. Minors are generally not allowed to give consent to own treatment, except when they are in the military or married. However, the law states that teenagers become competent with development and are at times capable to get involved in the process of obtaining the consent (Law Reform Commission, 2008). Depending on the age and competency, minors can be approached for participation in giving valid consent. The nurses and physicians would have to judge the each patient based on their individual capacity. Moreover, the nurses will also have to evaluate whether the patient demonstrates sufficient knowledge of her health condition and a sound understanding of the necessary medical interventions that include the adverse effects that can occurs and the impending dangers that can arise if she withdraws from the treatment. Another barrier that can arise while obtaining consent is the patients medical condition (Spatz, E. S., Krumholz, H. M., Moulton, B. W. 2016). She has been admitted after an episode of post traumatic stress disorder. This condition can arise as a result of some traumatic experience and is a form of anxiety disorder. Often patients suffering from PTSD witness some events that create an impact on their mental health. The concerned patient and her parents may not allow cons ent to therapeutic interventions due to fear of stigmatization from the mental condition, embarrassment issues and fear of less availability of specialist therapies. The altered mental state of the patient may make her incompetent to judge the process of intended medical treatment. This will create a hindrance in giving consent for interventions. Nursingprofession recognizes human rights universally and regards safeguarding patient dignity as a moral responsibility. According to the code of ethics for Australian nurses, they should value informed consent and decision making while catering to the needs of their patients. They should value the moral and legal right of all patients to participate in decision-making events related to their healthcare concerns (Nursing Council, 2008). This involves avoiding any cultural stereotype based assumptions. They should use relevant illustrations and written information to depict the patients current physical condition and the possible route of therapeutic intervention. They should arrange for a qualified health interpreter to overcome language barriers prior to consultation (Douglas et al., 2012). A registered nurse who has undergone extensive training is eligible to take delegated consent. Nurses should also respect and recognize their patients wishes once the latter is fully informed a nd has the capability of take decisions. However, if the patient declines giving consent to any life-saving treatment methods, the nurse should immediately consult substitute decision makers and seek second opinion from medical practitioners. When the patients are unable to provide consent owing to young age, disabilities or legal constraints, the nurses should recognize and efficiently utilize the contribution made by parents or legal guardians for providing effective treatment facilities. Nurses should be knowledgeable about these circumstances and should facilitate the role of partners, family members and friends in decision-making processes. Patients with limited literacy on health issues should be described the plan for medical treatment to fill in the gaps in their analysis of the current situation. The reason for ambivalence shown by the patient should be ascertained (Simonds, Garroutte Buchwald, 2017). They should be given time to reflect on the suggestions provided and to reconsider their health status. The social and cultural history of the patient should also be considered in case it poses a hindrance in giving consent. Any form of stigmatizing attitudes associated with mental health status should be removed ( WA Health, 2016). This can be done by creating awareness among the patient and the family members regarding the underlying causes of mental disturbances and the effective treatment procedures that can be adopted to reduce the symptoms. It is the legal and ethical obligation of a nurse to inform patients about the risks associated with noncompliance. They should also reassure their patients that the medical team will provide the best facilities to help the patient. Regardless of whether consent is obtained or not, nurses should document all details relevant to the proposed treatment (Hoeyer Hogle, 2014). Well documented consent will verify that the nurse and physicians have met their obligations in providing necessary information to the concerned patient about possible treatment options. From the above discussion, it can be witnessed that obtaining a valid consent is important in the healthcare and nursing practice. Healthcare professionals have to work in accordance with the law and ethics to provide the best quality of care and ensure patient safety. In the case study of Lalah Khalili, various barriers were observed while obtaining an informed consent like language, age and lack of health literacy. As she is a minor, her parents must be involved in obtaining the informed consent before the diagnosis and treatment process. Moreover, her parents have limited English ability and in such cases qualified medical interpreter is required who would provide accurate information to Lalah and her family that aid in taking able decisions for her PTSD treatment. References Bismark, M. M., Gogos, A. J., McCombe, D., Clark, R. B., Gruen, R. L., Studdert, D. M. (2012). Legal disputes over informed consent for cosmetic procedures: a descriptive study of negligence claims and complaints in Australia.Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive Aesthetic Surgery,65(11), 1506-1512. Cashin, A., Heartfield, M., Bryce, J., Devey, L., Buckley, T., Cox, D., ... Fisher, M. (2017). Standards for practice for registered nurses in Australia. Collegian, 24(3), 255-266. Douglas, C., Rebeiro, G., Crisp, J., Taylor, C. (2012).Potter Perry's fundamentals of nursing-Australian version. Elsevier Health Sciences APAC. Grady, C. (2015). Enduring and emerging challenges of informed consent. New England Journal of Medicine, 372(9), 855-862. Hoeyer, K., Hogle, L. F. (2014). Informed consent: The politics of intent and practice in medical research ethics.Annual Review of Anthropology,43, 347-362. Law Reform Commission. (2008).Young People and Consent to Health Care. Law Reform Commission: Sydney.Retrieved from: https://www.lawreform.justice.nsw.gov.au/Documents/Publications/Reports/Report-119.pdf Lee, J. S., Prez-Stable, E. J., Gregorich, S. E., Crawford, M. H., Green, A., Livaudais-Toman, J., Karliner, L. S. (2017). Increased access to professional interpreters in the hospital improves informed consent for patients with limited English proficiency.Journal of General Internal Medicine, 1-8. Nursing, A., Council, M. (2008).Codes of Professional Conduct Ethics for Nurses Midwives in Australia 2008. Nurses Board of South Australia. Queensland Health. (2013).Delegated consent position statement. Retrieved from: https://www.health.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0022/156082/delegated_consent_pos_sta.pdf Simonds, V. W., Garroutte, E. M., Buchwald, D. (2017). Health Literacy and Informed Consent Materials: Designed for Documentation, Not Comprehension of Health Research.Journal of Health Communication, 1-10. Spatz, E. S., Krumholz, H. M., Moulton, B. W. (2016). Informed Consent and the Reasonable-Patient StandardReply.Jama,316(9), 993-994. WA Health. (2016). Consent to Treatment Policy. Retrieved from: https://www.health.wa.gov.au/circularsnew/attachments/1135.pdf

Sunday, December 1, 2019

The Devil in the Details free essay sample

Recently we’ve been looking at 2 videos talking about carbon. One says carbon is good for us and that without it we would die and the other one says that carbon has to be reduced in a serious way. In the carbon footprints video she says that we are stupid because we think we have to start changing the way we think saying that carbon is the worst that could’ve happened in our world. She explains that years ago we had more carbon than now, well she is telling a true fact that is that we had more carbon, because now we don’t burn so much things as we did years ago, an luckily we have change also our point of view and started to recognize that carbon isn’t good for us. She says we’ve made a nonsense act, we’ve made carbon disappear. In the other video of Cap and Trade it explains the contrary idea from the carbon footprints video. We will write a custom essay sample on The Devil in the Details or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It says that in America carbon is over loading. Things have gone further than it’s supposed to be, because they have been using a lot of carbon in everything and it should be controlled. So they created a plan, a way to reduce this waste, by also making profit from it. Cap and Trade makes a bit more sense, well I only agree with the Cap part that means reducing carbon by a certain percent, but the Trade part is the part which I don’t agree much with, it explains that when they reduce the carbon they give some permits a year of the amount of pollutance that each one should make, each year it would be reduce, some companies create another way of building clean alternatives to maintain their work constant and give their permits to other companies that really need them so here they start gaining money, but the carbon pollutance isn’t changing. So it’s not as effective as it seems. In conclusion we should always be in the middle, not expanding our carbon waste, but never stop producing it.

Tuesday, November 26, 2019

5 Awesome Things You Can Do Right Now with Blurb.com

5 Awesome Things You Can Do Right Now with Blurb.com Blurb is a self-publishing and marketing platform that allows for amateurs and professionals alike to publish professional quality printed magazines, books, and eBooks. The site was founded by Eileen Gittins in 2005 as a way for individuals to affordably and simply publish books of their own design. She personally desired for a way to publish her own photography in a professionally bound book.Over the next decade the company expanded to provide a variety of services and tools for artists and writers to publish their works. In 2008 the site won a Webby Award for Best Services website and then in 2010 was ranked #47 in the Inc. 500 list of fastest-growing U.S. companies. It also earned the honor of ranking #1 in the media category and among the top five fastest-growing companies led by women. In 2018 Rix Kramlich was appointed Chief Executive Officer bringing his experience from his roles in Macromedia, i2 Technologies, and ABB.The site allows for users to design and create their own p hoto books, trade books, magazines, or eBooks. The user can design their own material or use Blurbs book publishing software, Bookwright. The software allows for the user to design their own product and easily submit a document that Blurb can then publish and prepare for sale.The site also provides information and tools for the user to sell their creations either through Blurbs website or through online distributors, such as Amazon, Ingram, and Apple iBooks store. Blurb promotes itself as a one-stop-shop that aids the user in every step of the way from creating the product to printing and selling. The user only needs to bring their ideas and creativity.The site also provides a series of articles that can inform the reader on a variety of subjects. The blog section is organized under three main topics: book-making, selling, and inspiration. It is tempting to go step by step through all of the awe-inspiring ideas included in the site, but rather than ruining your own exploration throu gh all of the information, I will highlight five awesome things you can do on Blurb.Blurb provides information and tools for the user to sell their creations either through Blurbs website or through online distributors, such as Amazon and Ingram.1. Be a better writerWriters block can get the best of any of us. Blurbs blog has several suggestions that can help you jump start your writing process. In the sites writing section, none of the articles are very long, but each of them provides suggestions to help you find a topic and get writing. You can also explore reviews of different apps that can help you focus and organize your work.Under the inspiration section, you can find articles on how different artists and writers created their projects and learn about what inspired them, such as the interview with childrens book author Megan Roy. She talks about her inspirations and what led her to make her own book on Blurb.Another article I really enjoy is Five great ways to combat writers b lock. The author outlines simple ways to get writing. One, just start writing. I like this advice. I use it with my students all the time. Sit down and write. It does not need to be good. It does not need to make sense. Just get words on paper. Two, pretend youre writing for yourself. This one is strange but works. Ignore any specific audience. Just write to you. You can always edit later to match a specific audience. Three, make sure it isnt something else. This one takes some self-reflection, but make sure there is not something else going on in your life that is keeping you from writing. Four, give yourself some space. Dont put too much pressure on yourself. Sometimes sitting and thinking or meditating is a critical part of the writing process. Take a walk or bake cookies. Just be careful you are not using those activities to procrastinate. There is a fine line between taking a mental break and just wasting time. Five, break it into smaller tasks. Focus on one task at a time.I wr ote my dissertation 500 words at a time. Every day I wrote 500 words, and then changed tasks- either edited another section or analyzed some data or even read a book. I felt comfortable writing 500 words. Again, it did not need to be the most perfect 500 words- just 500 words I actually wrote that day. I finished a 300+ page dissertation over time. Dont worry about the whole project at once. Break it down.2. Learn to take a better photoBlurb began as a way for Eileen Gittins to publish her own photography. Throughout the site are lots of tips and advice on how to better your own skills in photography. The topics range from social media photos to taking photos worthy of an art studio. The advice is written in a manner that someone with no or limited knowledge could understand and begin the process of making photography a serious hobby or possibly a career. I particularly enjoyed the essays on the history of photography, which takes the reader on a journey from the invention of film t o Instagram. This section of the site has the most information, which is not surprising considering Blurbs beginnings.3. Promote yourselfOne of the other more developed areas of the site is the section on Promoting and Marketing. The authors help the reader understand the many different ways to promote your own work through self-publishing. The articles range from using Amazon and eBooks to effectively promoting yourself online. I particularly liked the suggestions for using writing communities to help you write and promote yourself as you begin to create your work. By having someone help you be accountable for your writing, people tend to write more and more effectively. I used writing communities all the time during my graduate school years. I am even planning one for this summer to work on another project. By creating a community around yourself, you build a network which builds your own confidence. Your community can help you create more and promote your completed projects.4. Fi nd inspirationThe site as a whole is built to help you find inspiration in your own creativity. There are articles on finding ideas if you need help getting an idea going. There are many interviews and profiles of writers and artists throughout the site that discuss their artistic journey. The scope of the topics covered will allow almost anyone to find something that interests them. Plus, you might find a tip that helps you begin your own passion project. I particularly enjoyed the article From Idea to Book. The author maps out the process from idea to published work. Again, the reader needs to provide the creativity and imagination, but the process is outlined quite clearly.Blurb.com is built to help you find inspiration in your own creativity.5. Get publishedThis one is probably the most obvious. The main goal of the site is to provide a place for creators to self-publish their own projects. As mentioned, the site breaks down each step- design, printing, and selling- or their cu stomers. Blurb makes the process seem easy and simple. If your goal is to publish, Blurb provides a number of guides and tips to making that happen. They provide information on choosing between printing on demand or making a large order. Throughout the whole blog there are a number of suggestions and advice on all aspects of publishing your work, whether it is the next great novel or a photobook for grandma.Final takeawaysAs a writer, I appreciate the efforts that Blurb has taken to provide a space where creators can publish, promote, and sell their work. Blurb provides worthwhile information and services that many people will want to use. The traditional publishing industry is brutal and not the best place for every person to go to when looking to distribute their own work. Blurb meets a need in our 21st century world where people, through social media and other platforms, are self-promoting themselves in ways never before thought of. To quote the site, Blurb is a self-publishing a nd marketing platform that unleashes the creative genius inside everyone. The site almost makes it seem too simple, but what it allows people to do is celebrate the hard work they have put into their creations.I suggest browsing the site and find some inspiration. But the next step must be for you to go out and create. Write, take a picture, paint, draw, dance, act, or do whatever moves you. Blurb is there to help you document and potentially sell your work, but you need to go and create. Find a place to work. I love coffee shops. I like the simple parade of people as they order their coffee or tea and move about their day. I also like quiet old libraries. The smell of books keeps me calm. But no matter where you create, the key is that you do it.

Friday, November 22, 2019

English Coursework

English Coursework English Coursework English Coursework Writing literature coursework or any other English coursework in any fashion that occurs to a writer may later make him do time-consuming revisions. Before doing any coursework writing, therefore, you should carefully study not only the coursework format but also the style manual recommended by your professor, college or institution. If a coursework writer is specifically granted the right to select a style, he can find several manuals available to serve as guides. After adopting a style, he must adhere to it throughout the college coursework writing, for switching from one acceptable style to another is not permissible. Mastering the methods of academic coursework research is important, for an outstanding scientific investigation is of little value if the findings are not effectively communicated to others. Accomplishing this feat is somewhat different from writing a nontechnical composition. A coursework writer does not try to entertain, amuse, or persuade the reader, nor does he merely discuss his opinions concerning a problem or suggest solutions and argue on the basis of general observations. Rather, college coursework writer presents a hypothesis, explains the procedures employed to test it, cites the factual data collected, and announces whether they confirm or disconfirm the hypothesis. A clear, objective, logical presentation and analysis of the evidence rather than an emotionalized argument or diverting descriptions are required in academic coursework writing: Since an academic coursework is not ordinarily read by laymen but by well-informed individuals with more than a passing interest in the topic, it is critically and systematically scrutinized. Coursework reviewers will be skeptical of any assertions unless demonstrated evidence is presented; they may challenge the writer's reasoning processes, the interpretation placed upon the data, the accuracy of the footnotes, or they may even repeat the experiment to check the results. Hence, a research coursework must be able to stand the test of critical tutor supplied by other academic coursework writing. Custom Coursework If you need coursework help, you have an opportunity to request assistance at our site. We have 24/7 support to answer any question you have about our writers and services. We are working hard to meet the requirements of all clients asking of English coursework writing help. Even if you have already started working on your English coursework but do not know how to finish it, contact us and we will help you. All papers are delivered prior to deadline to allow sufficient time for revision. is a professional and absolutely legal site. Read also: Free Research Papers APA Style Research Paper Writing a Reaction Paper Valentine's Day Essay Sociology Paper

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Personality Tests Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Personality Tests - Assignment Example feel the same every time I am in the company of others, but it is true to a large extent and that is the reason my score is above average for this particular trait. I am an energetic individual and have high ambitions that I share with others. The score for my test for this particular factor is also above average which shows that I like to interact with people and share my thoughts and feelings. I think the result is quite right because it truly reflects my cooperative and friendly nature. I like to help others out in every situation I can and want to bring happiness on their faces as much as I can. Along with this, I also want to keep my image extremely good in the minds of others. The score for my test fort this particular factor is below average which shows that I do not focus on the ways to achieve my goals. I was really surprised to get this score for this factor as I am an ambitious and energetic individual who always tries to achieve things using the best approach. However, I do show some carelessness at times because of which I feel it hard to achieve all of my goals. This may be the reason why my score came low on this test. The score for my test fort this particular factor is above average which shows that I get stressed because of my emotions and feelings. I set high expectations got different things and when I do not get the response that I expect, I easily get stressed as a result. I am much prone to the feelings of stress and anxiety because I experience negative thoughts at times. I think my score is high on this factor also because I think on the negative perspectives more than the positive ones. The score for my test fort this particular factor is average which shows that I am half interested in arts and culture and related activities. I think this is true because I have not ever taken much interest in cultural activities. I am interested more in doings things practically instead of looking things in artworks and going in the world of

Tuesday, November 19, 2019

Ocean biology 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ocean biology 1 - Essay Example The aim of his theory was to discuss the concept openly. Therefore, Wegener did not present the theory as a proven fact. There are some objects, which can float in saltwater but not in fresh water. Whether an object will sink or float, entirely depends on the relative density of the fluid itself. In universe, everything is made of molecules. Density can be described through the concept of molecules. There are some objects that are packed densely and some other objects are packed loosely. This concept is called density. Now the objects that are made of tightly packed molecules will sink in low density liquid. The opposite will happen for the objects, which are made up of loosely packed molecules. I have done an experiment in my home with an egg. I have observed that egg placed in the fresh water sink immediately but it floated in saltwater. I have done another experiment with metallic spoon. In this experiment, also spoon floated in the salt water but sank in tap water. The next experiment was on metallic pen. The result of this experiment also gave the same result. Metallic pen floated in salt water but sink in the fresh water. Throughout the world, water and wind, usually erode about 20 billion tones of rock debris and dirt from the continents and deposit into the seafloor. In average, there is 1300 feet of sediment in beneath the sea. Many processes accelerate this continuous adding of salt and other chemicals into the seas and oceans. Most common chemicals are sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl) which are dissolved in the water easily. These chemicals are the basic constituents of salt that is sodium chloride. According to research, ocean restrains around 1370 million cubic kilometers of water and around 14700 trillion tons of sodium. Every year around 457 million tones of sodium dump into the ocean through river transportation, land surface erosion etc. Sometimes in some specific area Volcanic dust also dumps some amount of sodium into the water. Erosion of

Sunday, November 17, 2019

Operations in hilti company Essay Example for Free

Operations in hilti company Essay You are the manager of a firm selling product X in a competitive market. You consider writing a market report on X. Due to some economic changes, there is significant increase in the wages of workers. Please write a report about the expected effects on the market equilibrium price and equilibrium quantity of product X. the following points help you organize your report: 1. Indicate the effect of this event on supply and / or on demand. 2. Analyse what will happen to market equilibrium price and equilibrium quantity in the short run. 3. If wages are expected to continue at higher levels, analyse what will happen to market equilibrium price and equilibrium quantity in the long run. The competitive market is one of the type of economic market structure. In a competitive market the price is determined through the forces of demand and supply. The following essay the effects of increase on wages on product price, quantity traded, and the supply and demand. The demand is the want or need of the person with the willingness to purchase the good at a particular price. The demand is negatively correlated to price. As the price increases the quantity demanded decreases. The supply is the desire and willingness of the supplier to sell the product at a particular price. The downward sloping curve represents demand. Supply is positively correlated to price. As the price increases the quantity supplied increases. Hence, the positive sloping curve represents supply. In the competitive market the point where demand and supply meets is the equilibrium point, which shows the equilibrium price and quantity traded. This is illustrated in the following graph. The increase in wages, increases the costs of the product. This then will decrease the supply bringing a shift in the supply curve. The shift of the supply curve occurs when any factor except price changes bringing an effect on supply. The increase in cost of production will reduce the supply at level of the price because now it has become more costly to produce the supply. The supply curve will shift towards left. The following diagram shows that the supply curve S1 has shifted to S2. This has increased the market equilibrium price in the short run from P1 to P2. The quantity traded has decreased from Q1 to Q2. Long? Run market supply curve. The short? run market supply curve is just the horizontal summation of all the individual firms supply curves. The long? run market supply curve is found by examining the responsiveness of short? run market supply to a change in market demand. As the wages will increase, in the long run the price will reduce and the quantity traded will increase because there will be more entrants into the market and the competition will reduce the price of the product. However, the profit levels will also decreases due to the increase in the wages. Question 2 You’ve been hired by a firm to determine whether it should shut down its operation. The firm currently uses 70 workers to produce 300 units of output per day. The daily wage (per worker) is $40, and the price of the firm’s output is $20. The cost of other variable inputs is $500 per day. The firms fixed cost is $3000 per day. You know that the marginal cost of the last unit is $30. 1. Calculate the firm’s daily losses 2. Should the firm continue to operate at a loss? Carefully explain your answer. Total daily losses are the following: Description Cost / Revenue Total cost Total daily sales 300 x 20 6000 Daily total wages 70 x 40 2800 Variable inputs 500 Fixed costs 3000 Total Cost 6300 Daily losses 300 According to the profit maximization theory, each unit sold, marginal profit (M? ) equals marginal revenue (MR) minus marginal cost (MC). Then, if marginal revenue is greater than marginal cost at some level of output, marginal profit is positive and thus a greater quantity should be produced, and if marginal revenue is less than marginal cost, marginal profit is negative and a lesser quantity should be produced. At the output level at which marginal revenue equals marginal cost, marginal profit is zero and this quantity is the one that maximizes profit. In this case, the marginal profit is negative as according in competitive market marginal revenue is equal to price hence, it is $20 and marginal cost being $30, this equals to -$10. The company should not operate at a loss. Question 3 Given the data of the last question (2), the owner of the firm suggested that losses can be reduced by firing some workers. If you found that the marginal product of the 70th worker was 4units of output per day, do you agree with the owner to reduce employment in order to reduce losses? Please explain carefully. The marginal product of labour is the change in the output compared to the change in the number of labour. Hence, the 70th labour is producing 4 units per day according to the data given in the question. The marginal product of labour is 4. In order to determine the demand of labour, the value of marginal product will be calculated. The value of marginal product should equal to price of the product which is the marginal revenue (MR) with the marginal product of labour (MRP). As long as a worker’s value of marginal product exceeds the wage, the worker is hired. But because the marginal product is diminishing, eventually so many workers will have been hired that the value of the marginal product of an additional worker would be less than the wage. At this point the hiring will stop. A firm hires labour up to the point at which the value of marginal product equals the wage rate. If the value of marginal product of labour exceeds the wage rate, a firm can increase its profit by employing more workers. This can be summed in the following way: Where TR = total revenue; Q = quantity MR x MPL = (? TR/? Q) x (? Q/? L) = ? TR/? L Hence, in this case the value of marginal product is: MR X MPL = 20 x 4 = 80 Wage rate = ? TR/? L = 40 The company should continue to hire more labour as the marginal product will diminish which will eventually bring the marginal revenue product of labour down until the wage rate is equal to the marginal revenue product of labour.

Thursday, November 14, 2019

gatmoral Moral and Emotional Range of The Great Gatsby :: Great Gatsby Essays

The Moral and Emotional Range of The Great Gatsby    Throughout Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby, there is a broad spectrum of moral and social views demonstrated by various characters.   At one end, is Tom, a man who attacks Gatsby's sense of propriety and legitimacy, while thinking nothing of running roughshod over the lives of those around him. A direct opposite of Tom's nature is Gatsby, who displays great generosity and caring, yet will stop at nothing to achieve his dream of running off with Daisy. The moral and emotional characteristics of Gastby and Tom are juxtaposed, Tom, the immoral character and Gastby, the moral character while the other characters' moral and emotional developments appear between these two.      Ã‚  Ã‚   At first glance, The Great Gatsby is merely a classic American tragedy, portraying the story of a man's obsession with a fantasy, and his resulting downfall. However, Fitzgerald seems to weave much more than that into the intricate web of emotional interactions he creates for the reader. One interesting element is the concepts of greatness each has. For Daisy, it lies in material wealth, and in the comfort and security associated with it. Daisy seems to be easily impressed by material success, as when she is touring Gatsby's mansion and seems deeply moved by his collection of fine, tailored shirts. It would seem that Tom's relative wealth, also, had at one time impressed her enough to win her in marriage. In contrast to that, Gatsby seems to not care a bit about money itself, but rather only about the possibility that it can win over Daisy. In fact, Gatsby's extreme generosity gives the reader the impression that Gatsby would otherwise have never even worked at attaining wealth had it not been for Daisy. For Gatsby, the only thing of real importance was his pursuit of Daisy. It would seem that these elements are combined, too in the character Myrtle.    Myrtle is, as Daisy, impressed with Tom's wealth and appearance, but, like Jay Gatsby, is stuck in a fantastic, idealized perception of her object of affection. Even when abused and trampled over by Tom, Myrtle continues to adore him, just as Gatsby continues to dote upon Daisy after being obviously rejected by her. As far as ethical considerations, Gatsby tends to prove himself a sincere and caring person, while Daisy and Tom just destroy the lives of two people and then leave town to escape the consequences of their actions. gatmoral Moral and Emotional Range of The Great Gatsby :: Great Gatsby Essays The Moral and Emotional Range of The Great Gatsby    Throughout Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby, there is a broad spectrum of moral and social views demonstrated by various characters.   At one end, is Tom, a man who attacks Gatsby's sense of propriety and legitimacy, while thinking nothing of running roughshod over the lives of those around him. A direct opposite of Tom's nature is Gatsby, who displays great generosity and caring, yet will stop at nothing to achieve his dream of running off with Daisy. The moral and emotional characteristics of Gastby and Tom are juxtaposed, Tom, the immoral character and Gastby, the moral character while the other characters' moral and emotional developments appear between these two.      Ã‚  Ã‚   At first glance, The Great Gatsby is merely a classic American tragedy, portraying the story of a man's obsession with a fantasy, and his resulting downfall. However, Fitzgerald seems to weave much more than that into the intricate web of emotional interactions he creates for the reader. One interesting element is the concepts of greatness each has. For Daisy, it lies in material wealth, and in the comfort and security associated with it. Daisy seems to be easily impressed by material success, as when she is touring Gatsby's mansion and seems deeply moved by his collection of fine, tailored shirts. It would seem that Tom's relative wealth, also, had at one time impressed her enough to win her in marriage. In contrast to that, Gatsby seems to not care a bit about money itself, but rather only about the possibility that it can win over Daisy. In fact, Gatsby's extreme generosity gives the reader the impression that Gatsby would otherwise have never even worked at attaining wealth had it not been for Daisy. For Gatsby, the only thing of real importance was his pursuit of Daisy. It would seem that these elements are combined, too in the character Myrtle.    Myrtle is, as Daisy, impressed with Tom's wealth and appearance, but, like Jay Gatsby, is stuck in a fantastic, idealized perception of her object of affection. Even when abused and trampled over by Tom, Myrtle continues to adore him, just as Gatsby continues to dote upon Daisy after being obviously rejected by her. As far as ethical considerations, Gatsby tends to prove himself a sincere and caring person, while Daisy and Tom just destroy the lives of two people and then leave town to escape the consequences of their actions.

Tuesday, November 12, 2019

Thematic Essay on Diary of Anne Frank

The Diary of A Young Girl, written over a two-year period, tells about the life of a young girl named Anne Frank who is also the author, while she and her family are in hiding in Holland. They are staying in a secret attic of the office building where Mr. Frank used to work in order to escape from the Nazis during World War II. During their stay in the annex, they are supported by several people in the office building, who risk their own lives to insure the secrecy of the Jewish hideout and to provide them with food and basic supplies. Throughout the time Anne spends hiding in the annex she develops maturity and gains respect from the people around her. I would say that the theme of this book is adolescence. I think the theme of this book is adolescence because Anne writes in her diary about how she has become more of a women since moving into the annex. She also develops adolescence by being able to see what she did not see in a person before. For example she is asked by Mrs. Van Daan if she could ever picture Peter as a brother, instantly she reacts with disgust like a child. Later on in the book though she begins to develop feelings for Peter, stronger than a brother. She begins to confide in him, and ask him questions about sex. She also writes her father a letter describing her feelings for Peter. Throughout the 2 years Anne spends hiding in the Annex her child self, develops into a mature being, but not yet an adult making the theme of this story adolescence. In The Diary of A Young Girl, Anne Frank, who is our author of the diary writes many entries describing the relationship between her and her Mother. She feels that she does not fit in with her mother, who she thinks is very sentimental. On a diary entry dated October 3, 1942 (page 51) Anne writes â€Å"I simply can’t stand mother, and I have to force myself not to snap at her all the time, and to stay calm, when I’d rather slap her across the face, I don’t love her, I can imagine mother dying some day. † This diary entry written by Anne clearly shows the strong dislike she had towards her mother. Because Anne is a child and not mature enough she feels that when her mother tells her she did not do something right, and to do it again, Anne takes it personal and gets very frustrated. Her mom constantly does this and it makes Anne furious causing her to hate her mother at an unbelievable level. Later on in Anne’s diary though the theme adolescence is developed when Anne reads through her diary and is shocked at how negatively she wrote of her mother in past entries. On Page 155 in her entry of December 24, 1943 she wrote â€Å"Do you know what I’ve come up with? In order to give me the feeling of calling my mother something that sounds like â€Å"Mom,† I often call her â€Å"Momsy. Sometimes I wish I could honor her by removing the â€Å"s. † In this entry it clearly shows us Anne has more respect towards her mother now and has matured significantly. She regrets all the horrible things she ever said about her mother, and is able to see that it was not her mother that was really the problem but her maturity, and she realizes this because of her adolescence. Anne thinks she has grown wiser since then and now understands her mother bette r. She sees herself as an adolescent now. Another way the theme is developed in this is story is how Anne’s feelings change towards Peter, a boy who is also staying in the annex with his family and the Frank family. In Anne’s diary she writes an entry on September 25, 1942 (page 40) describing Peter’s personality, â€Å"They asked me in a typically grown-up way whether I could ever learn to love peter like a brother, since he loves me like a sister. â€Å"Oh, no! † I said, but what I was thinking was, â€Å"Oh, ugh! † Just imagine! I added that Peter’s a bit stiff, perhaps because he’s shy. Boys who aren’t used to being around girls are like that. In this entry she writes about Peter in a childish way, she says with disgust that she could never see Peter as a brother, and of course she would say it that way because her personality and attitude is still like one of a child. The theme adolescence is developed because her feelings towards Peter change. Earlier in her diar y entries she wrote how Peter is nervous around girls because he is not used to being around them, and she goes on about how immature and foolish he is. But they soon begin to talk like adults and open up to each other. Anne soon then confides in him, and begins to see he is not who she thought he was. She is more mature around him, and treats him with great respect because she likes the personality she gets from him. She transitions from a child to a mature teenager, her maturity is greatly because of the time she spends with Peter. Anne’s adolescence is also due to appreciating what she has in life. In a diary entry on November 27, 1943 (page 149) Anne writes about a dream she has about an old school mate, Hanneli. She writes about the dream and how it akes her thankful for what she has. In the dream Anne pictures Hanneli dressed in rags, her face thin and, worn, and she is begging Anne to rescue her, in the dream Hanneli is at a concentration camp. In this dream Anne can not help Hanneli, she can only stand by and watch while other people suffer and die. Anne realizes that there are millions of Jews who do not have the advantages she has, she could be at a concentration camp starving and d oing hard labor work, or even dead. But instead she is safe and warm with her family, who she before could not get along with. Anne greatly matures after all of this, she is able to see that she was such a child before who thought greatly of herself. She hated doing work around the house, and complained constantly about her mother. But after this dream she knows that she should have worried about other things, like the war. Anne leaves her childish acts and complaints behind and becomes a mature young adult! The best theme for this book is clearly adolescence. A young girl hiding in an Annex writing in her diary for 2 years can definitely develop a sense of maturity even with no contact of the outside world what so ever. Just because Anne is stuck hiding in an Annex and not able to go outside, she has plenty to do, to pass the time. She writes her feelings and thoughts in her diary, and writes meaningful events that talk about her adolescence. Her adolescence is greatly due to her appreciating what she has in life, because it makes her realize that not everyone has the advantages she has and that her complaints and hate towards many things are things that are less to even think about, she should not think about herself too much. Also changing her thoughts and opinions develops her maturity as well. She does not get along well with her mother or Peter, but she soon is able to confide in them and love and appreciate them. I think that Anne’s adolescence throughout the book is a very good thing. She is still very young when she does mature, and not many people at that age have the maturity that she gains. I appreciate the fact that Anne is able to mend the relationship with her and her mother. I know how it feels to have someone constantly nag at you and it is very hard to forgive someone, and I respect and honor that Anne was able to love her mom in the end of it all. I think everyone has a little bit of Anne in them, people regret things they do and say in life, and although it is a mistake it helps them to look back and learn from it, and gain a sense of maturity. It is a very good thing, and although Anne did not survive the war we can all learn from this book and appreciate life as it is now!

Saturday, November 9, 2019

Drink Less Coke, More Water Essay

Purpose: To persuade the audience to drink less coke and more water. Thesis: Drinking coke and other sodas are harmful to the body. Drinking less soda (especially coke) and more water will help you to become an overall healthier person with less health problems in the long run. Organizational Pattern: Monroe’s Motivated Sequence Introduction Attention Getting Device: What would it take to clean off an old, rusted coin? Many of you might believe any simple cleaning product would get the job done but, this is not so. The answer I’m looking for is coke. That’s right, coke. Coke is so strong that it can remove dirt, rust and grime off of almost any surface. Along with this, it can stain your teeth and dissolve tooth enamel. So my next question to you all is: why, do we love to put something so strong and hazardous inside of our gentle bodies? Source: According to oleda.com â€Å"[soda] can have a†¦toxic†¦poisonous†¦lethal†¦venomous†¦ seriously harmful effect on your entire body. Drinking soda pop is a sure-fire way to age faster† accessed on June 19, 2012. Significance: Today many adults and even children face the issues of being able to successfully consume enough glasses of water a day to maintain the functions of the laborious body. Credibility: As a former excessive coke drinker who has went from drinking countless glasses of coke a day to now drinking a coke (or any soda) less than a few times a week I am credible to speak on this topic. Thesis: Drinking coke and other sodas are harmful to the body. Drinking less soda (especially coke) and more water will help you to become an overall healthier person with less health problems in the long run. Preview: First, I will explain the harmful effects of soda in general on the body. Second, I will describe a technique I used to put an end to my daily over consumption of soda. Finally, I will share my results of the described techniques with the audience. Organizational Pattern: Monroe’s Motivated Sequence Transition – Let’s get started! There is no need to take off years of your life by drinking soda. Body I.Main Point #1- Drinking soda (especially coke) on a constant basis is detrimental to your health. In order to be a healthier person you should limit your soda consumption to a minimum.   A. This situation needs to be handled as soon as possible. Soda is horrible for the body. 1. By this point you all are aware that soda is bad for your health but, exactly how bad is it? Soda has many effects on the body that you wouldn’t think a tasty non alcoholic drink would cause. However, after years of drinking it one might ask to themselves: What’s wrong with drinking soda? Well, today I am here to answer just that. 2. Drinking soda, according to termlifeinsurance.com soda causes: issues with kidney and reproductive organs, dissolves tooth enamel, and increases risk of obesity, diabetes, heart disease, and even asthma. In the May issue of the American Journal of Nutrition it was stated that people who consumed more than one soda per day have an increased risk of stroke. Accessed on June 19,2012. 3. I know personally that since I have stopped drinking sodas as much as I use to I have experienced drastic weight changes. Along with weight loss, I generally felt better and not so groggy throughout the day. B.You only get one body, so treat it kind. The ingredients used and the amount you consume both have a drastic effect on your health. 1. Soda, goes far beyond the yummy beverage that is served with your meal at Mcdonalds. Soda, is filled with ingredients that do horrifying damage to your internal organs in the long run. According to Buzzle.com some of the ingredients found in soda are: High Fructose Corn Syrup, Aspartame, Caffeine, Phosphoric Acid and Citric Acid. A study mentioned on rodale.com accessed on June 19, 2012 the 2010 FASEB scientific Journal, found that the excessive phosphate levels found in sodas caused lab rats to die a full five weeks earlier than the rats whose diets had more normal phosphate levels 2. In a recent study, the Beverage Marketing Corporation found that the average American drinks 44.7 gallons of soda every year. 44.7 gallons is about 375 pounds. That’s about 487 cans or 286 bottles or 85 2-liters topping its competition of bottled water, beer, milk and coffee. This information was found on gizmodo.com accessed on June 20, 2012. 3. Specialists from the American Heart Association recommend consuming no more than 450 calories from sugar sweetened beverages per week, which is the amount in three cans of cola. This information was found cnn.com and accessed on June 20, 2012. Transition- Now that you know some facts about soda, I will explain how to get on the right path to success. II. Main Point#2 – In order to prevent the health issues previously stated, you should begin to limit your soda consumption. A.Personally, I began my limit my consumption by drinking fewer and fewer bottles of coke a day. For example, if I usually drank 7 glasses of coke I would now drink 6 and have a glass of water. 1.This helps you because it makes the transition not so hard. Along with this it helps you to be able to clearly distinguish the difference between how your body feels when you drink soda versus when you drink water. 2.Some people prefer to go cold turkey and just stop drinking soda all at once but, from my experience by using this method you are more likely to crave and have withdraws which in turn will lead to failure. Another way I began to limit my soda consumption is by purchasing less sodas. Personally, I believe if you don’t have any sodas in your house, you can’t drink it as much. a.To achieve overall better health you will need to limit your soda consumption. It is necessary. b.There are three steps you will need to make in order to rid your body of hazardous chemicals and health issues caused by soda. I.First, you will need to identify that you have a soda consumption problem. If you only drink a few cups of soda a week you won’t actually need to rid your body of soda. A good way to determine if you need to make changes is if your urine is on a normal basis darker than the color of lemonade. If it is leaning towards a medium yellow and gold color you need to drink more water. II.Second, after you have identified that you have a problem or need to drink less you will need to pick one of the two methods I previously stated. Either the day by day method or the cold turkey method. III.Third, after you have chosen a method you can now begin your process of drinking less coke and drinking more water. Try your best to keep a record of how many glasses of soda and water you are drinking each day. Transition- Once you have done the necessary actions, there are a few results you should expect to see. III. Main Point#3 – Finally, after about a few days or a week take a look at your progress and determine if that method really worked for you or if you need to alter things. A.After you have taken the proper steps necessary you should be drinking more water than before, have a lighter urine color and feel healthier overall. Additionally, if you have taken it seriously and really cut back on sodas you should lose a few pounds. B.If, for some reason you do not follow through with limiting your soda consumption you will increase your chances of numerous health issues and takes years off your life. Transition- Now to sum it all up Conclusion Thesis: Drinking coke and other sodas are harmful to the body. Drinking less soda (especially coke) and more water will help you to become an overall healthier person with less health problems in the long run. Preview: First, I explained the harmful effects of soda in general on the body. Second, I described a technique I used to put an end to my daily over consumption of soda. Finally, I share the general results from technique I used with the audience. Return to AGD: Now that I have told you the harmful effects of coke. Don’t put harmful chemicals in your body and don’t let a beautiful smile go to waste! Works Cited (n.d.). Retrieved June 19, 2012, from Oleda: http://www.oleda.com/oleda_tips/tips.asp?dept=48 Baxamusa, B. N. (2012, February 17). Soda Ingredients . Retrieved June 19, 2012, from www.buzzle.com: http://www.buzzle.com/articles/soda-ingredients.html Chan, C. (2011, June 27). The Average American Drinks 45 Gallons of Soda a Year. Retrieved June 20, 2012, from www.gizmodo.com: http://gizmodo.com/5815818/the-average-american-drinks-45-gallons-of-soda-a-year Jampolis, D. M. (2012, May 18). Is drinking soda really that bad for you? Retrieved June 19, 2012, from www.cnn.com: http://www.cnn.com/2012/05/18/health/jampolis-dangers-drinking-soda/index.html Main, E. (n.d.). 5 Disturbing Side Effects of Soda. Retrieved June 19, 2012, from www.rodale.com: http://www.rodale.com/facts-about-soda-0

Thursday, November 7, 2019

Immortal Gods and Goddesses From Greek Mythology

Immortal Gods and Goddesses From Greek Mythology There are many types of immortal beings in Greek mythology. Some are depicted as humanoid, some as part animal, and some personifications are not readily visualized. The gods and goddesses of Mt. Olympus can walk among mortals undetected. They each tend to have a special area they control. Thus, you have the god of thunder or grain or the hearth. Individual Gods and Goddesses From Mt. Olympus HadesZeusPoseidonApolloAresDionysusHephaestusHestiaDemeterHeraArtemisAthenaAphrodite The Titans are among the more confusing of the immortals of Greek mythology. Some of them are stuck in the Underworld suffering for their misdeeds against the Olympian gods. Special Female Deities: Muses and Nymphs The Muses were considered responsible for the arts, sciences, and poetry and were the children of Zeus and Mnemosyne, born in Pieria. Nymphs appear as beautiful young women. There are several types and some individual nymphs who are famous in their own right. Naiads are one variety of nymphs. Roman Gods and Goddesses When talking about Greek mythology, the Romans are usually included. Although their origins may have been different, the main Olympian gods are the same (with a name change) for the Romans. Even before the Romans started expanding their empire around the time of the Punic Wars, they came in contact with other native peoples in the Italic peninsula. These had their own beliefs, many of which influenced the Romans. The Etruscans were particularly important. Other Creatures Greek mythology has animal and part animal creatures. Many of these have supernatural powers. Some, like the Centaur Chiron, are capable of giving up the gift of immortality. Others can be killed with great difficulty and only by the greatest of the heroes. Snake-haired Medusa, for instance, killed by Perseus aided by Athena, Hades, and Hermes is one of the three Gorgon sisters and is the only one who can be killed. Perhaps they dont belong in a grouping of immortals, but they arent quite mortal, either. Beliefs There were many beliefs in the ancient world. When the Romans started expanding, they sometimes joined together native deities with ones that sounded similar from back home. In addition to the religions with many gods, there were others like Judaism, Christianity, and Mithraism  that were basically monotheistic or dualistic.

Tuesday, November 5, 2019

Three Fairly New British Language References

Three Fairly New British Language References Three Fairly New British Language References Three Fairly New British Language References By Maeve Maddox Motivated by the lively debates about where to put commas, and the controversy over â€Å"gone missing,† I’ve added some up-to-date British references to my print reference library. The three newcomers to my shelves are: Penguin Dictionary of English Grammar by R. L. Trask, 2000. As the title implies, this guide arranges topics and terms in alphabetical order. It includes every permutation of terminology from the traditional ones I grew up with to the innovations born of transformational grammar and Quirk Grammar. Here one can find definitions of subject raising, subjuncts, adjuncts and conjuncts, along with more immediately useful terms as double negative, paradigm, relative pronoun and usage. A lot of the terms are, however, a bit esoteric. While it’s a great resource for me in my line of work, there’s probably nothing here you can’t find online at OWL or any of the other free references mentioned in Online Style Guides. Penguin Guide to Punctuation by R. L. Trask, 1997. Trask does more than present rules and made-up textbook examples. His personality comes through as he discusses badly punctuated passages, often speculating as to why certain errors are made. It’s extremely readable, whatever page you open to. Of the ten chapters, seven deal with specific punctuation marks: 2: The Full Stop, the Question Mark and the Exclamation Mark 3: The Comma 4: The Colon and the Semicolon 5: The Apostrophe 6: The Hyphen and the Dash 7 Capital Letters and Abbreviations 8 Quotation Marks Chapter 1 explains the practical importance of punctuation. Chapter 7 gives rules for capitalizing and abbreviating. Chapter 9 deals with typographical considerations and Chapter 10 discusses the punctuation of essays and letters. I’m still in the process of getting acquainted with it, but this punctuation guide promises to be a treasure. Having British usage all in one place will be a great help as I write future posts. Penguin Writer’s Manual by Martin H. Manser and Stephen Curtis, 2002. As might be expected, there’s some overlap with the other two books. This one book has everything a writer needs in a basic reference. Part One deals with the mechanics of writing: 1 Grammar 2 Usage 3 Vocabulary 4 Spelling 5 Punctuation 6 Abbreviations. Part Two gets into the specifics of style, revision, and types of writing. There’s also a generous glossary of grammatical terms. In case youre wondering: Quirk grammars: A series of grammars of English written by Randolph Quirk and his colleagues. Though rather traditional in orientation, these grammars are informed by contemporary linguistic research. They introduce a certain amount of novel terminology. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Book Reviews category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:"Based in" and "based out of"75 Synonyms for â€Å"Talk†How to Style Titles of Print and Online Publications

Sunday, November 3, 2019

LAW OF THE EUROPEAN UNION--- ENFORCEMENT PROCEDURES Assignment

LAW OF THE EUROPEAN UNION--- ENFORCEMENT PROCEDURES - Assignment Example The Court ruled upheld the petition. Unlike the EU Commission-led Article 258, Article 259 allows aggrieved Member States to petition the Strasbourg Court for direction. The latter provision was tested recently in Hungary v Slovak Republic Case C 364/10 (2012), where the Strasbourg Court ruled that Slovakia did not breach her duties under Article 21(1) of the TFEU requiring unhindered movement of EU citizens within the region. If the case was decided in favour of Hungary, appropriate sanctions would have been taken against Slovakia for limiting Hungarian President’s visit in the country during national holiday. The sanctions are usually binding, considering that any failure to conform to them attracts follow-up actions and penalties under Articles 260 of the TFEU. These responses show that the ECJ’s primary roles under the direct action are to enforce EU law by enhancing cooperation among Member States and slap punitive action where. However, delays in enforcement, which run into many years, are major set backs. Complimentarily, indirect actions under Article 267 of the TFEU usually enhance smooth cooperation between or among EU Member States. Under the latter platform, the Court can make decisions on the interpretation of various bodies of the EU law including the Treaty. As such, it accepts and determines cases referred to from national courts. In Foglia v Mariella Novello C 244/80 (1981), for example, the Court considered the verdict in Pretura di Bra, Italy and determined that the tax measures on liqueur wines were valid. In addition, purpose of procedure enhances collaboration between courts with EU in what is a key trigger of smooth administration of justice. The vertical relationship between the European Court of Justice and national courts through the principle of supremacy has created an effective arrangement where the courts work in synergy to resolve disputes arising from trade and movement of people and goods across the EU or

Thursday, October 31, 2019

Handwriting a letter versus sending an e-mail message Essay

Handwriting a letter versus sending an e-mail message - Essay Example By studying the handwriting one can judge the mood of the person. E-mails are cold and do not convey the warmth-they just convey the messages as a matter of duty! Handwritten letters on important occasions like marriage, birthday, success-events like passing examinations, can be preserved for ever in a file and they are good collection items. No so with the e-mail. One can read the handwritten letters again and again, without having to open the computer often. One practical problem as well! For sending e-mails, one needs to be computer-literate. For handwritten letters, one needs to be just literate! For mails, one has to own a computer or specially reach the cafe for making the mail. As for quickness and convenience, e-mail, the product of internet revolution, has no match. The message reaches any corner of the world, within seconds. Competitive business, the share quotations etc. can never think of sending the communications by handwritten letters , where decisions on rates are taken in split seconds! For official dealings, e-mail communications are the best and one can not think of applying the handwritten letter procedure in this area. Voluminous files and documents can be uploaded/downloaded through e-mail procedure, whereas to copy a document of say, of 100 pages will take some days. This procedure is neither practical nor feasible. One can forward a message, documents, story or news items, to thousands of individuals merely by clicking the forward button and the message is instantly received by that vast majority. Sending handwritten letters to them involves lots of expenditure on stationary, postage, apart from the time and labor devolved. Here is a wonde rful observation on the handwritten letter vs. the e-mail, the essence of which is worth noting. â€Å"The "art" of letter writing was only art in the hands of a few who wrote well. The rest of the worlds written correspondence is barely worth the paper it is written on. E-mail has

Tuesday, October 29, 2019

Impact of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act on the Accounting and Auditing Essay

Impact of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act on the Accounting and Auditing Profession - Essay Example The unexpected corporate failures brought the integrity of the financial statement audit into question (Elson & Lynn, 2008). The apparent aim of the new law is to strengthen controls and strengthen compliance with disclosures, in order that the matter of corporate performance and financial condition be made more transparent to the investing public. The Act applies to all corporations registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), otherwise known as public companies. The most important sections of the statute are those that require the establishment of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB), Auditor Independence, and Enhanced Financial Disclosures. The impact of the new requirements listed is to strengthen the role and accountability of the internal audit function, in order that management and the board of directors may be held responsible â€Å"to vouch for accounting controls over financial reporting and disclosure weaknesses to shareholders† (Elson & Lynn, 2008:60). Prior to the implementation of the SOX, internal control was observed to be weak because of the weak internal audit performance, lack of independent directors, and inconsistency and general failure to hold the board of directors and internal audit committee accountable. While prior to the SOX, similar recommendations for chang e were already made by the Blue Ribbon Committee, compliance with these earlier recommendations was not as effective than that subsequent to the implementation of the SOX, mainly because of the absence of legal mandatory power of the Blue Ribbon Committee, in contrast with the requirements of the SOX which were legally binding (Lin, Kang & Roline, 2009:10). At least three studies have empirically determined the effect of SOX on the enhancement of internal audit and control by the management and board of directors. In the implementation of SOX, the Chief Audit Executive played an active leadership role in the implementation of SOX (Section 404), emphasizing on risk identification and control as well as remediation. Most reported increasing their resources devoted to corporate governance activities, including the review of ethics, business conduct, legal and regulatory compliance; audit resources were reported to have been increased (Patterson & Smith, 2007) by as much as 66% (Elson & Lynn, 2008). Significant changes were also made to the composition of the audit committee and the board of directors, which included: (a) an increase in the number of independent directors assigned to the audit committee as well as the board of directors; (b) a significant increase in compliance with the requirement that there should be at least four direct ors on the audit committee, as well as having six to fifteen directors in the board of directors; and (c) an increase in the overall average number of audit committee hearings (Lin, Kang & Roline, 2009). These changes pointed to not only formal but also substantial compliance with SOX requirements. Not all effects expected of SOX had materialized. A study of external auditors’ performance was conducted on the expectation that they had begun to exercise a greater conservatism and a more vigorous audit process prior to issuing going-concern or other qualified opinions. The study showed, however, that there had been no significant difference in the changes in the performance of auditor firms when comparing the pre- and post-SOX contexts (Ryu, Uliss & Roh, 2009). Furthermore, there are what are called â€Å"ripple effects,† such as (1) the negative influence on corporate acquisitions and mergers; (2) increased records-management requirements; (3) decreased

Sunday, October 27, 2019

Fungal And Bacterial Amylase During Starch Breakdown Biology Essay

Fungal And Bacterial Amylase During Starch Breakdown Biology Essay The lab conducted focused on examining the effects of temperature on the ability of fungal and bacterial amylase to breakdown starch to maltose, and determine the temperature at which these two amylases work best, which is known as optimal temperature. The experimental part of the lab consisted in setting up the utensils that were going to be used during the actual experiment. During this section test tubes were labeled, and spot plates were placed in temperature/ time table created. For the second section of the experiment, iodine was placed in each row of the spot plates for each temperatures, and the solutions in the test tubes( bacterial , fungal amylase and starch mixture) were added to those same spots were iodine was added, depending on the time and the temperature corresponding to each amylase. The optimal temperature was deducted by observing the color change in the spot plates and comparing them with a color-coding scheme for starch hydrolysis. Conclusions for this task were reached by analyzing the data collected by each group, which suggests that a change in temperature disturbs the activity of enzyme amylase. When exposed to low and high temperatures, these enzymes were not able to function properly, therefore, reducing or eliminating their ability to breakdown certain compounds, especially starch. Enzymes need maintain at a certain temperature to be able to function at its optimal. Introduction: Enzymes are complex proteins produced by all living organisms with the function of enhancing chemical reactions through a process known as catalysis. During this process, the substrates, which are the molecules that will undergo the reaction, binds to the active site of the enzyme to form different molecules called products. Each active site on the enzyme is unique, permitting only substrates that match the shape of the active site to bind to the enzyme in a process known as lock and key model, however, active sites are able to adjust their shape to permit the binding with a substrate through the induced fit model, which moves entire protein domains (Raven et al., 2008; Ringe Petsko, 2008; Whitehurst Van Oort, 2009). Catalysts, like enzymes, work by reducing the amount of energy required for a chemical reaction to take place by linking two substrates in the correct orientation or by accentuating chemical bonds of a substrate, which reduces the energy difference between reactants and transition state. Enzymes are not consumed or changed during the reaction and they do not alter the equilibrium of the reactions they catalyze (Garcia et al, 2004; Raven et al., 2008; Whitehurst Van Oort, 2009; Alberte et al., 2012). The activity of enzymes is affected by multiple factors, including 1) pH (ranges from pH 6 to 8), 2) temperature (Rate of reaction increases with temperature, but only up to a point called optimum temperature. A change in temperature, either below or above the optimum, causes the active site to denature, decreasing or preventing substrate binding. When exposed to low temperatures enzymes are not flexible enough to permit induce fit, and in high temperatures enzymes are too weak to maintain their shape.), 3) substrate concentration (If amount of enzyme is preserved constant and substrate concentration is gradually increased, the reaction velocity will increase until it reaches a maximum. After this point increasing substrate concentration will not increase the rate of reaction), 4) allosteric inhibitors and activators (Inhibitors are substances that bind to an enzyme and decreases its activity, and they can occur in two ways; competitive inhibitors and noncompetitive inhibitors. Effec tors that enhance enzyme activity are referred to as allosteric activators, which bid to allosteric sites to keep an enzyme in its active configuration), and 4) cofactors (Many enzymes required the presence of other compounds, called cofactors, which during the catalytic activity, A cofactor can be a coenzyme, a prosthetic group or a metal ion activator (Harisha, 2006; Raven et al., 2008; Whitehurst Van Oort, 2009). Enzymes have a wide spectrum of functions in the bodies of living organisms; they are present from signal transduction to generation of muscle contraction. The also break starch molecules, forming smaller fragments of maltose, which can be easily absorbed by mammals. And it is the ability of enzymes to breakdown starch and the effect of temperature during this process that will be analyzed in the lab (Whitehurst Van Oort, 2009; Alberte et al., 2012), expecting that the results collected confirm that temperature does have an effect in bacterial and fungal amylase activity. Methods: The experiment should be performed once per group, using fungal (Apergillus oryzae) and bacterial amylase. Starch catalysis will be monitored by using Iodine test, which turns from yellow to blue-black in the presence of starch. Experimental Setup Place a paper under the spot plates and label the top side with temperature values 0,40,60,95 Â °C, and the side with the times 0,2,4,6,8,10 min. Obtain 4 test tubes and label each with a different temperature, enzyme source, either bacterial or fungal and group number. Repeat previous step, but this time include the letter S, which stands for Starch solution. Finally add 5ml of 1.5% starch solution into each of the test tubes labeled S. Effect of temperature in amylase activity Add 1ml of amylase into each of the test tubes that do not contain starch, and place the 8 test tubes (4 containing starch and 4 containing amylase) into their respective temperatures, allowing all test tubes to equilibrate for 5 minutes. Add 2-3 drops of iodine to the first row of the spot plate corresponding to o minutes. After 5 minutes has passed and test tubes are equilibrated, transfer a few drops of starch solution from each temperature to the row where you added the iodine. Pour the starch solution into the tube containing amylase without taking it put of bath, and set the timer for two minutes. Add 2-3 drops of iodine to the second row, and after 2 minutes has passes, transfer a few drops of the starch-amylase mixture from each tube to the 2 minutes row using the pipette correspondent to each temperature. After each additional 2 min, add 2-3 drops of iodine and a few drops from starch amylase mixture. At the end of 10 min, note the temperature and the time at which 100% hydrolysis occurred. Repeat the procedure using the other amylase type, and using the color-coding scheme convert results into numerical values. Results: Temp (Â °C) 0 40 60 95 Time (min) 0 5 5 5 5 2 4.333333 3.166667 3 5 4 4.166667 3.083333 2.833333 5 6 4 3 2.75 5 8 4 3 2.683333 5 10 3.833333 3 2.75 5 Table 1: Class Average for Bacterial Amylase activity After all groups performed the experiment, a class data for bacterial amylase was collected. The average of the data was calculated and presented in Table 1, showing color changes for each temperature. Temp (Â °C) 0 40 60 95 Time (min) 0 5 5 5 5 2 3.333333 2.666667 3.166667 5 4 3.333333 2.666667 3.083333 5 6 3.333333 2.666667 2.833333 5 8 3.333333 2.416667 2.833333 5 10 3.333333 2.416667 2.833333 5 Table 2: Class Average data for Fungal Amylase activity After all groups performed the experiment, a class data for fungal amylase was collected. The average of the data was calculated and presented in Table 2, showing color changes for each temperature. Graph 1: Class Average for Bacterial Amylase activity Graphical Representation Results from Table 1 exposed in a graph, showing that all groups optimal temperature for Bacterial amylase is 60Â °C Graph 2: Class Average Data for Fungal Amylase activity Graphical Representation Results from Table 2 were exposed in a graph, showing that all groups optimal temperature for Bacterial is 40Â °C Figure 1: Color coding-scheme for starch breakdown Starch hydrolysis color coding scheme is used to determine the optimal temperature for each amylase during starch breakdown Figure 2: Bacterial amylase activity spot plate Group number 1 spot plate during bacterial amylase experiment showing the amylase reaction during each temperature Figure 3: Fungal amylase activity spot plate Group number 1 spot plate for fungal amylase experiment showing starch breakdown during each temperature Graph 3: Bacterial Amylase Activity graphical representation Bacterial amylase activity data taken from table 1 showing that optimal temperature for this kind of amylase according to group 1 is 60Â °C Temp (Â °C) 0 40 60 95 Color # Color # Color # Color Time (min) 0 blue/black 5 blue/black 5 blue/black 5 blue/black 2 blue/black 4 med brown 3.5 light brown 3 blue/black 4 blue/black 4 light brown 3 light brown 3 blue/black 6 med brown 3.5 light brown 3 dark yellow 2.5 blue/black 8 med brown 3.5 light brown 3 med yellow 2 blue/black 10 med brown 3.5 dark yellow 2.5 med yellow 2 blue/black Table 3: Bacterial Amylase activity Group 1 recorded color changes for each temperature during breakdown of starch by bacterial amylase, and it was represented in numerical values by using color coding scheme presented in Figure 1 Graph 4: Fungal Amylase Activity graphical representation Fungal amylase activity data taken from Table 4 showing that optimal temperature for this kind of amylase according to group 1 is 40 Â °C Temp (Â °C) 0 40 60 95 Color # Color # Color # Color Time (min) 0 blue/black 5 blue/black 5 blue/black 5 blue/black 2 light brown 3 dark yellow 2.5 light brown 3 blue/black 4 light brown 3 dark yellow 2.5 light brown 3 blue/black 6 light brown 3 dark yellow 2.5 light brown 3 blue/black 8 light brown 3 med yellow 2 light brown 3 blue/black 10 light brown 3 med yellow 2 light brown 3 blue/black Table 4: Fungal Amylase Activity Group 1 recorded color changes for each temperature during breakdown of starch by fungal amylase, and it was represented in numerical values by using color coding scheme presented in Figure 1 Temp (Â °C) 0 40 60 95 Time (min) 0 0 0 0 0 2 0.408248 0.258199 0 0 4 0.258199 0.258199 0.258199 0 6 0.316228 0.316228 0.418330 0 8 0.316228 0.316228 0.376386 0 10 0.516398 0.316228 0.418330 0 Table 5: Class Average Standard Deviation for Bacterial Amylase activity From the results from Table 1, the standard deviation was taken, showing that the results collected by each group for Bacterial amylase are close to average results. Graph 5: Class Average Standard Deviation for Bacterial Amylase activity Graphical Representation Data from Table 5 was exposed in a graph, showing that the difference between the mean and the samples collected by each group is minimal. Temp (Â °C) 0 40 60 95 Time (min) 0 0 0 0 0 2 0.408248 0.516398 0.68313 0 4 0.408248 0.408248 0.66458 0 6 0.408248 0.408248 0.68313 0 8 0.408248 0.491596 0.68313 0 10 0.408248 0.449868 0.68313 0 Table 6: Class Average Standard deviation for Fungal Amylase Activity From the results from Table 2, the standard deviation was taken, showing that the results collected by each group for Bacterial amylase are close to average results. Graph 6: Class Average Standard Deviation graphical Representation Data from Table 6 was exposed in a graph, showing that the difference between the mean and the samples collected by each group is minimal Discussion: After evaluating the results of the experiment, present in Table 1 and 2 it can be concluded that the data provides enough evidence to support the predictions or hypothesis presented in the introduction section that when temperature is not optimal for an enzyme, it will denature or reduce its functions. The results showed that low or high temperatures have an effect in the ability of enzymes to break down starch (Graph 1 and 2). By comparing the results with color coding scheme provided (Figure 1), the optimal temperatures for both amylases were able to be determined. The optimal temperature for the enzyme had a bright yellow color, which meant that the amylase was able to breakdown the starch present in the solution; when the solution remained blue-black the enzyme is said to be denature, meaning that it was not capable of breaking down the starch( Figure 2 and 3). The most important parameters taken into account to get the previous results were temperature and time. Looking at the color for the reaction between starch and amylase, by using the Iodine test, it can be concluded that for bacterial amylase, the optimal temperature is 40 Â °C, and this occurs around the 6 minute time. Fungal amylase optimum temperature was reached at 6 minutes time and it was 60 Â °C. All the previous result can be observed in Figure 2 and 3, as well as in Graph 1 to 5 Table 5 and 6 show that the results of the experiment are consistent for all lab groups, because the difference between the sample data collected by each individual group and the average of that data is minimal, showing that, the results collected by each group are close very close to be accurate. What parameters of the experimental design were important in the expected (or unexpected) results? The expectations for the experiment concurred with the results, because a previous understanding of enzymes was given in the lab manual, however, the optimal temperatures were not exactly known because each enzyme works best depending on its environment. For future research, the range in temperature should be more variable, not only including positive values, but negative ones. Also, if enzymes sources had more variation, it will provide a better understanding of the optimal conditions and temperature of enzymes. Literature Cited/ References: Alberte J., Pitzer T., Calero K. (2012).General Biology Lab Manual / Second Edition. Florida International University: The McGraw Hill Companies. Garcia-Viloca M., Gao J., Karplus M. Truhlar D. G.(2004). How Enzymes Work: Analysis by Modern Rate Theory and Computer stimulations. Science 303:pp. 186-195. Harisha S. (2006). Introduction to Practical Biotechnology. India: Laxmi Publications. Raven P., Johnson G. B., Mason K. A., Losos J. B., Singer S. S. (2008). Biology 8th edition. New York: The McGraw Hill Companies. Ringe D., Petsko G. A. (2008). How Enzymes Work. Science 320: pp. 1428. Whitehurst R. J., Van Oort M. (2009). Enzymes in Food Technology: Wiley-Blackwell; 2nd edition.